Xenon, the heaviest element in the group of inert gases, boasts a larger atomic radius. With an atomic number of 54, it resides in the fifth period and belongs to the 18th group (formerly known as Group 0) according to the new IUPAC regulations. Xenon possesses a covalent atomic radius of 209 picometers and requires 1172 kJ/mol of energy for its first ionization. Existing as monatomic molecules, this rare gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. It possesses a density of 5.887 kg/m3 and has a melting point of -111.9 ℃, along with a boiling point of -107.1 ± 3 ℃. At 20 ℃, it can absorb 110.9 ml of water per liter. Additionally, xenon exhibits the capability to absorb X-rays.
The electronic and electric light source industries greatly rely on the widespread usage of xenon. Xenon filled bulbs have several advantages over argon filled ones of the same power, including high luminous efficiency, compact size, long lifespan, and energy efficiency. Due to its excellent fog permeability, it is commonly utilized as a fog navigation light in airports, stations, and docks. The concentrated surface of a xenon lamp can generate a scorching temperature of 2500 ℃, making it ideal for welding or cutting challenging metals like titanium and molybdenum. Furthermore, in the field of medicine, xenon serves as a safe contrast agent for X-ray photography with no adverse effects.
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